Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort Essay Example for Free

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort Essay Within the context of theory illustrates a demanding yet creative shaping of plans, structured requirements, and prediction of a provisional, determined, and systematic sight of phenomena (Chinn, 2011). Nursing theory is a crucial function within the nursing practice. Theories afford nurses with the distinctive facets that are in encompassed within patient care and the nursing profession. Clarification of practice governance, and expectations are also integrated within contextual framework of nursing theory. It bestows various manners to acquire data, examine and study, and foresee the practice of nursing and the outcomes of patient care (Parker, 2010). Kolcaba’s middle range theory of comfort captivated my interest because my impression of comfort curtails that of positive patient outcomes. Comfort is not solitary to just physical ailments, but emotional and psychological measures in addition. Throughout my experiences and years as bedside registered nurse, I can attest that patient requests stem largely from the factor of being made comfortable. As stated above, this not only embraces physical comfort, but something unassuming as a comforting touch or positive attitude to render the positive outcome and a content patient. Absorbing how theory influences practice has been an impediment that I have recently overcame. I was unmindful that certain situations and decision making were reinforced through the use of theory. Examination of the importance of nursing theories, more in depth review of Kolcaba’s theory of comfort, and theory of comfort in nursing practice, education, and research will be reviewed further. Importance of Nursing Theories Separately from the governance of practice and foundation for the practice of nursing, theories furthermore propounds opportunities for nurses in the sense of practical application. Measurable changes and enrichment of the profession occur when nursing theories are incorporated into practice. The benefits of having a defined frame of theory in nursing produces superior patient care, heightened professional repute for nurses, progressed interaction among nurses, and direction for exploration of the practice and education. Theories also illustrate the quality of the nursing profession, and serves as a reservoir of knowledge with the examination of the essential requirements of patients and necessary interventions. In addition, specialized rationales are provided. Succeeding medical doctors orders are not exclusively to the context of nursing care. Nursing care incorporates not only a compassionate attitude but passion for care of patients. The caring component of nursing cannot be measured, rather dissected through theory within the clarification of what nurses do. Systemically this is all supported through abundant theories and theorist. The nursing profession emphasizes on holistic care which is defined as treatment of the whole person. Within this skill is the admittance of problems that are biomedical but also opportune clarification of the well-being and health of a human that introduces added indicators of disease that are non-visualized (Powers, 2011). Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort The origination of Kolcaba’s theory of comfort stemmed was first established in the 1900’s. Founder, Katherine Kolcaba, concluded that for a positive patient outcome to accomplished, comfort is a crucial obligation. Katherine organized a representation for exploring, analyzing, and gauging the care of the patient. Historically, she believed that the product of the profession of nursing is comfort. According to Kolcaba (2010), comfort is achieved in a few diverse ways to include transcendence, relief, and ease. Transcendence represents the aptitude to overcome the lack of comfort sensed by patients through their awareness to cease. Patients are able to rise above their challenges. For example, a post-operative below the knee amputee patient may experience great physical pain from the surgery as well as psychological trauma from the intervention. Pushing forward to regain strength and independence would be an instance of transcendence. Relief constitutes any ordered analgesic medication that can be given to the patient or  non-pharmacologic interventions such as distraction or repositioning. This structure of comfort is experienced as relief. Anxiety reducing measures such as anxiolytics or inducing expression through conversation or other forms of communication can be facilitated. These actions can be constituted as placing the patient at ease. In my day to day professional practice experiences, I come across different situations where comfort may be the only measure to take in a particular patients care. Pharmacological therapy interventions are important for adequate relief, but non-pharmacological interventions are just as imperative. A simple caring touch and tone conditions the patient to an enhanced state. This particular theory affords nurses a better comprehension and obligation to comfort in the practice setting. Nurse are the forefront of healthcare. We have the ability to promptly identify the demands the needs of the patient. Kolcaba’s theory of comfort conforms into the nursing metaparadigm with relation to the three concepts presented: transcendence, relief, and ease. There is a clear consensus about the concepts which includes health, nursing, person, and environment of the metaparadigm. Kolcaba elaborated on the four various experience backgrounds that comfort is achieved. These include environmental, physical, social, and psychospiritual (Kolcaba, 2010). Theory of comfort in nursing practice, education, and research Kolcaba’s theory of comfort guides research in assorted ways. It challenges the nurse to examine the correlation among holistic interventions and different comfort measures. It also imposes a contention between comfort and â€Å"health seeking behaviors†. If the product is positive, than it enhances future endeavors and postulates additional motivators to provide comfort. Institutional outcomes are also examined (Koehn, 2000). References Chinn, P.L., Kramer, M.K. (2011). Integrated theory and knowledge of development in nursing (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier Koehn, M. (2000) Alternative and complementary therapies for labor and birth: an application of Kolcaba’s theory of holistic comfort. Holistic Nursing Practice. 15(1):66-77 Kolcaba, K. (1992). Holistic comfort: Operationalizing the constructs as a nurse-sensitiveOutcome. Advances in Nursing Science, 15(1), 1-10, p. 6. Kolcaba, K. (1994) A theory of holistic comfort for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 19: 1178-1184 Kolcaba, K. DiMarco, M.A. (2005) Comfort theory and its application to pediatric nursing. Pediatric Nursing, 31(3), 187-194 Parker, M.E., Smith, M.C. (2010), Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.) Philadelphia, P.A.: F.A. Davis Company Powers, B.A., Knapp, T.R. (2011). Dictionary of nursing theory and research (4th ed.). York: Springer Publisher Company

School Safety: Protecting the Students Essay -- Education Educating Te

School Safety: Protecting the Students For many students a positive academic environment is increasingly harder to obtain. This is mainly due to their lack of safety. Whether it be inside the classroom or out. Unfavorable situations at home, psychological stability, physical dangers and violence all contribute to this evident shortage. There have been investigations on how organizations, teachers and parents collaborate together in today's society to influence the students understanding of safety in school. The purpose of this paper is to display some examples of each aforementioned contribution and show some of the current measures being taken to aid today's students. Developments within the past decade have opened up new ways for research that can lead to improvements in the life quality of vulnerable students and families. Not only does school violence create a feeling of fear and emotional uneasiness in a school, it also is difficult for the learning process to develop. Situations at home have a big impact on student's safety in school. Examples are a student not speaking up in class for fear of being ridiculed; being called a faggot because of perceptions of a student's sexual orientation; backbiting; verbal teasing and insults; offensive touching such as throws, slaps and pushes; and racial, ethnic, and/or sexist comments that are based on a student's physical appearance?. A lot of the time this is learned and adapted by children from the parents at home. Parents have the most influence on a child, the way the act, talk, or neglect their child. Children are more prone to repeat these emotions and aggressions at recess or just in class with ot her peers. Communities are also playing big roles in the safety of stude... ...September 23, 2004, from http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/schoolbus/rulesadvertising.htm Safety advertisements are being put on the back of school buses for students to see and the main point is to state the procedures that have to be gone through, in order to advertise on buses. The author states why that's important for children's distractions or visibility of pedestrians involved in loading and unloading procedures Center.Link.(2002, June). School resource officers and school administrators: ?Talking and walking? together to make safer schools, from www.cpsv.org The importance of these groups; School Resource Officer (SRO), Community-Oriented Policing Services (COPS), and the groups build up to working together to create guidelines for "best practices advice". Groups discussed issues and offered advice for those who involved about the safety of schools.

Effect of Ph on Food Preservatives Essay

Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative used in food products such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This experiment aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is formed from it’s superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach acid, which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of sufficient hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is yielded. The percentage yield is determined from the calculations of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the actual yield from the reaction. Also throughout the experiment, some basic laboratory operations such as measuring mass and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids are familiarized with. Introduction The reaction of sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid is a typical phenomenon of hydrolysis reaction which conforms to the principles of acid-base chemistry and stoichiometry. In a typical hydrolysis reaction, when a salt dissolves in water, the salt dissociates to its constituent anions and cations (benzoate and sodium ions respectively). Also, when strong acids like hydrochloric acid dissolves in water, chloride ions and hydronium ions are formed. Hence in the reaction involving sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid solution, in the presence of high concentration of hydronium ions, protons will be transferred from the strong acid H3O+ to the basic benzoate ion. This will yield benzoic acid, C6H5COOH which precipitates from the solution as it has a really poor solubility (0.34g/100ml). The fundamental reaction is sketched out below: As can be seen from the difference in the pKa values, H3O+ is a much stronger acid than benzoic acid. So, the equilibrium of the reaction strongly favours its completion and hence hydrochloric acid which ideally simulates the acidic conditions of the stomach, does convert benzoate to benzoic acid. Safety: Throughout the lab safety goggles, protective gloves and aprons were worn while carrying out the experiments. While transferring the HCl to the reaction vial in the student hood, the head must never be inside the glass hood as vapour inhalation can cause choking hazard and irritations. Also the hosepipes were carefully plugged in and out of the filter flask to avoid breakage or tipping of the Hirsh funnel. Experimental For this experiment and basic operations, calibrated Pasteur pipettes, a 5ml conical reaction vial, watch glass, stirring rod, electronic balance, small test tube, Hirsh funnel, filter flask and filter paper are used. The procedure for this experiment appears on page 7 of the lab manual, Multiscale Organic Chemistry (4th custom UB edition)3. As the primary objective of this experiment was to find out whether sodium benzoate reacts with simulated stomach acid to form benzoic acid, the results clearly indicate that a successful reaction close to completion, if not fully complete, has taken place. The percentage yield calculation reveals that approximately 90% of benzoic acid as white precipitate were recovered from the reaction. There were a number of factors which might have contributed to the 10% deficiency in the final yield. It needs to be mentioned though that a percentage yield of less than 100% is achieved because the drying of the solid mass after vacuum filtration was sufficient to give a practical number. During measurements of mass of benzoate and benzoic acid when it’s formed, there were obvious human errors involved. Some benzoates were lost while transferring to the conical reaction vial from the watch glasses, and further loss of the product benzoic acid might have taken place when the solution mixture was tipped on the Hirsh funnel. We couldn’t determine if the reaction was complete or not, so we might not have had all the salt converted 4. The solution might not have sufficiently and gradually cooled though every effort was made for that, hence there could be lack of benzoic acid crystals forming. The litmus test might have contributed to a significant loss of the precipitate, but only one instead of multiple tests were performed to see if the reaction mixture was acidic enough. Given the carefully controlled experiments and the 90% yield, it can be deemed that the methods used to perform the experiments are full proof and performed as immaculately as possible. Conclusion The fact that a new substance is formed indeed when sodium benzoate is placed into a simulated stomach acid has been demonstrated successfully with the aid of the experiments and aforementioned results. A 90% yield suggests that all the basic operations were carried out as neatly and carefully as possible and measures taken to minimize obvious errors which could take place while performing the experiments. All in all, the experiment provided a practical evidence of the theory behind the hydrolysis of sodium benzoate and percentage yield of it’s product.

Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay - 1619 Words

Comparing Poe and Whittman A successful writer is he who is able to transmit ideas, emotions, and wisdom on to his readers. He is cable of stirring emotions and capturing the readers attention with vivid descriptions and clever dialogues. The writer can even play with the meanings of words and fuse reality with fiction to achieve his goal of taking the reader on a wonderful journey. His tools are but words, yet the art of writing is found in the use of the language to create though-provoking pieces that defy the changing times. Between the lines, voices and images emerge. Not everyone can write effectively and invoke these voices. It is those few who can create certain psychological effects on the reader who can seize him (or†¦show more content†¦The following lines compare their unique styles with the purpose of highlighting their similarities and differences, but above all stressing their originality and expertise. Edgar Allan Poe intrigued many with his often irrational and pessimistic descriptions in his poetry and short stories. He repeatedly wrote about phantasmagoric houses, spirits or shadows, the immoderate consumption of alcohol and opium, and seemingly inhuman characters trapped in the most grotesque and gloomy settings one can possibly imagine. The first line of The Fall of the House of Usher is a prime example of the latter: During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens†¦ (AL1508) His descriptions are so detailed and moving that the reader can actually experience the pain and fear of the characters. Ligeia, the strange and haunting lady in the short story by the same name, is gruesomely described by Poe in the following shocking sentence: Suddenly the colour fled, the pulsation ceased, the lips resumed the expression of dead, and, in an instant afterwards, the whole body took upon itself the icy chillness, the livid hue, the intense rigidity, the sunken outline, and each and all of the loathsome peculiarities of that which has been, for many days, a tenant of the tomb. (AL 1507) Maybe even more alarming is The Imp of the Perverse in which Poe reminds us of

The Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy Essay

The Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy The dilemma of unwanted pregnancy has faced the human species as far back in history as the day man found out that there was a connection between sexual intercourse and conceiving a baby. To solve it, many methods were used -- some disagreeable, some dangerous and many ineffective. Fortunately, today for the first time in history, a choice of contraceptives is available that is, safe, convenient, and effective. Much difference of opinion about the moral correctness of sex without the possibility of becoming pregnant, surrounds this subject. Since the Middle Ages, much of religious thinking has held that the only proper reason for sexual intercourse was procreation. Thus, anything that†¦show more content†¦She never gave up because she always had the image of a young woman dying because of a criminally induced abortion in the back of her mind. She believed that birth control was the best way to sustain from unwanted pregnancies and was determined to prove it to the world. S hortly after, in 1932, Hamilton Birth Control Clinic was opened and directed by Elizabeth Bagshaw. Despite opposition from fellow physicians and the clergy, Elizabeth Bagshaw accepted the position and spent the next thirty years of her life working with dedicated volunteers to provide women with inexpensive and reliable contraceptives. I too am a firm believer in birth control. I believe that every child born should be a child who will feel wanted and cared for. Birth control can free women from terminating pregnancies and therefore greatly reduce the number of abortions each year. Birth control can improve marital relations, maternal and child health and family welfare. Not everyone today is capable of supporting three or four children. Therefore why not limit the number of children you have and better support your family? There is also the factor of overpopulation. Many who favor birth control feel that limiting family size is necessary for a better life. Increases in the world p opulation are beginning to threaten theShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control pills should be available without a prescription. Oral contraceptive has been a controversial topic for years. Oral contraceptives are a common form of birth control. Birth control is used to prevent pregnancy by blocking a male’s sperm from fertilizing a female’s egg. Women take birth control to prevent pregnancy. Also, teen women can prevent unwanted pregnancies by having access to over the counter birth control pills. Birth control pills should be available without a prescriptionRead MoreUnintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages Are controversial concerns about the birth control pill really a problem? 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Not being able to have a voice in matters that concern their personal life as well as their health, women were subjected to doing what society thought was morally appropriate like getting married and having children while giving up their right to receive an education or go to work. Women who were not ready to have children at that time relied on birth control which is a contraceptiveRead MoreEffects Of Birth Control On Children1719 Words   |  7 Pagescountless drugs in use today that are controversial. Many people believe that these drugs are useful and cause no harm to the person taking it, while others feel that they are harmful to the body and do more destruction than improvement. Examples of these controversial drugs include Accutane, flu shots, Prozac, and birth control. One of the most common of these drugs is birth control. Birth control is a drug that may be used in various ways. It is mainly taken to prevent pregnancy, make menstrual cyclesRead MoreEffects Of Birth Control On Children1677 Words   |  7 Pagesasked my dad if he was okay with me going on birth control. Naturally he thought the worst, but that had nothing to do with why I wanted it. The reason that most female teens think about birth control is because of premenstrual syndrome -- a condition which causes migraines, cramps, and mood swings. Many people, like my father, disapprove of teens using birth control for moral and/ or religious reasons. Parents do not want their children to have birth control because they often feel that it is inappropriateRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of Birth Control727 Words   |  3 PagesBirth control can be described as a method of contraception, which is a technique that is used in order to prevent pregnancy as a result of sexual intercourse. There are many types of birth control, the most common being the pill which will mainly be discussed in this report. While birth controls m ain purpose is to prevent future pregnancies, it is also very versatile. Many women use it for its benefits rather than its ability to prevent pregnancy. Even though birth control has its positive effectsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesis going to help reduce the alarmingly high rate of teen pregnancies has not ceased. Many argue over whether abstinence-only should be taught in high school and if it is the key to reducing the high teen pregnancy rate. From my standpoint, I believe that it should be taught. However, it should be accompanied by the teachings of birth control along with other contraceptives and how to use them. The fact of the matter is that teen pregnancies continue to be a prevalent problem and teaching abstinenceRead MoreTeenage Birth Rate Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pages(HHS), teen birth rate in the United States (U.S.) has been continuously declined for the past 20 years, yet the U.S. is still ranked the highest in teen pregnancy when comp ared to other developed nations (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2016). The term teen pregnancy is denoting young females being pregnant or giving birth under the age of 20. According to the CDC, in 2015, there were 229,715 babies born to adolescent females ages between 15-19, or a total of 22.3 live births per 1,000

The New Consumerism And Media Culture - 1418 Words

Denise Bowen The New Consumerism and Media Culture Professor Chyng- Feng Sun October 31, 2017 In Chapter 27, The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need, author Juliet Schor states consuming is authentic as it gets in the American culture and the standard of living has changed in relation to consumerism. Americans need to work longer hours in order to make money that they are then pressured to spend. Schor describes today s consumerism as the new consumerism. This can be defined by an upscaling lifestyle norms; the pervasiveness of conspicuous, stat http://www.criticism.com/md/kellner.htmlus goods and of competition for acquiring them; and the growing disconnect between consumer desires and†¦show more content†¦The new consumerism essentially with its increasing aspirational gap, has begun to endanger the quality of American life. Consequently, there is pressure to keep up with commodity goods and not worthwhile experiences. Schor claims that Americans did not become greedy out of nowhere, but instead, â€Å"The aspirational gap h as been created by structural changes—such as the decline of community and social connection and the intensification of inequality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Schor, P.255, L2, L#2). A right to a decent standard of living and quality of life rather than quantity of stuff are two of the seven basic elements Schor argues for a new politics of consumption. Author Sut Jhally stated that a quality of life survey seemed to reveal that â€Å"things are not fundamentally connected to goods. It is primarily ‘social’ life and not ‘material life that seems to be the locus of perceived happiness (Jhally, P.248, L2, L#13).† â€Å"The new consumerism† involves impulsively reacting to advertisers who create a desire that we have to keep wanting more if we want to maintain some level of social status. It’s a never-ending cycle that economists feel will lead to doom, yet do we really care? Both Jhally and James Twitchell provides an exchange of ideas and question what happiness truly means in our society. Jhally presents his theory on this subject by highlighting that â€Å"Advertising doesn t say that happiness comes onlyShow MoreRelat edDon DeLillos White Noise novel and Malcolm Gladwells Big and Bad article1004 Words   |  5 Pagessociety where the consumerism culture is highly influenced by media and companies. The characters’ consumerism culture becomes influenced by the dangers of the industrial chemical cloud that hangs over their lives. This essay explores the importance of honesty in the wake of a consumerism culture that is highly influenced by the media and companies as evident in White Noise by DeLillo and â€Å"Big and Bad† by Malcolm Gladwell. 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And with the rise of the mass media, various products have been targeted on broad groups of consumers. Consumerism, which is propelled by a system of mass production and high levels of consumption, has been one of the themes in art works from twentieth century till now. In regard to consumerism and gender, I find two figures—Hannah Hoch and James Rosenquist--connected. Hoch once worked for a womens magazineRead MoreConsumerism Is All Around Us747 Words   |  3 Pagesto carry out the day-to-day happenings of our lives, the people of the 21st century cannot seem to escape the ever-powerful grasp of corporate consumerism. While many are aware that consumerism is all around us, few understand the true extent to which it impacts our lives. With constant exposure to advertising it’s hard not to get sucked into consumerism. The advertisements we see influence our spending habits by convincing us that certain material possessions will improve our lives. 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I will support my main contentions by entering a conversation with twoRead MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On Modern Art1561 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the rise of new art trends. Traditionally, art has often a reflection of the most important elements within its respective time period, such as wars, religions, royalty, culture and expression. This is why the study of art history is needs to look deeper than simply understanding how certain artworks were created. Among the various artists studied in the course, Andy Warhol is definitely one of the most influential. Far ahead of his time in thinking and talented in several media forms, Warhol was

Narrative form and genre of the film Essay Example For Students

Narrative form and genre of the film Essay The setting is in Sonnys Bamboo lounge. It is a Hawaiian style lounge bar with tables and chairs and a bar with stools. The mood is low-key and the atmosphere is relaxed. It is filled with mainly men and men accompany the women that are there. This is typical for the kind of establishment it is and the people who frequent there who are mainly gangsters and mafia types. There are also waiters walking around carrying trays of drinks and taking orders.  Props present are characteristic of a lounge bar such as an abundant amount of small tables with low-light lampshades. There are bottles and glasses of drink all around. There is superior attention to detail, down to fire extinguishers on the wall and health and safety signs on the doors of the kitchen. The costume of the characters is representative of the era and community in which they associate with. All the men seen are wearing suits and ties and the majority, white shirts. The suits are in dark shades of colour, are narrow and have a slim fit; some of the shirts have narrow collars that meet at the points concealing the knot of the tie. This was an American-Italian fashion amongst the gangsters of the 60s. The woman that are present are dressed in 60s style evening dresses with pleats and floral patterns, another fashion amongst woman in the particular era. The waiters are all dressed in the same Hawaiian style shirt with white coloured trousers and a garland decoration around their neck. The majority of men are sitting down at tables and movement is to a minimum. This is representative of a lounge bar because as a customer, you were encouraged to stay seated and let the waiters serve your table. The few men that are walking and moving are doing so in a cool fashion, which is in parallel to their attitudes and social values and morals, this is represented in the way they dress and talk. This in turn is relative to the narrative form and genre of the film. The waiters are walking around in a normal fashion, basically doing their job, walking to and from the bar with drinks, bottles and empty glasses. The contrast in the movement and body language of the two collectives of individuals present, highlights the performance of the actors and this is evident in the sequence. The movement and body language of the waiters highlights the way that the mafia types behave. Lighting in the sequence is low and visibly dependent on the lighting of the lounge bar, which includes table lights and minimal wall lights. This amount of lighting is an intentional technique because it creates mood and atmosphere relevant to the narrative form. The lighting in the sequence could be closely familiarised to film noir, due to the low-key style. The lighting in the sequence is also limited due to the nature of the camera work and cinematography, which will be discussed next. The camera shot throughout the entire scene is one long take, also known as plan-sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½quence, a French derivative. The camera motion is slow and definite and remains at eye-level at all times, point of view shot. The entire sequence is shot with a shallow focus format, leaving the background out of focus. The motive behind using this technique is to enhance the sense of being in the characters shoes (point of view). The diagram following, illustrates the movement of the camera in a three-dimensional format.  You can see from this diagram the difficulties the film crew may have had with incorporating lighting techniques. The diagram also highlights how the camera pans around to achieve the shots of establishing each character. .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .postImageUrl , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:hover , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:visited , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:active { border:0!important; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:active , .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29 .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u543766f7a07e6a60e4507b241cb80a29:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film Citizen Kane by Orson Welles EssayThe screen-direction in the sequence has been evaded by filming a three-dimensional sequence. This is unconventional in the sense of the axis of action or fourth wall, this is an imaginary line which divides the viewer from the action on screen.  The entire sequence strives to give the impression that as a viewer, we are walking through the lounge bar meeting the characters for ourselves. It is successful in achieving this objective through the use of technical means, style and form. Bibliography An Introduction to Film Studies Second Edition  Jill Nelmes  Routledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London