Andina Bottling Company Case Essay -- Business Cola Products Latin Ame

Andina Bottling Company Case Andina is a major distributor of Coca-Cola products in Latin America. The market for soft bedevils is very agonistic in Latin America. The dominate brands are not necessarily Coca-Cola or Pepsi brands. For a company to succeed in the distribution and manufacturing of soft drinks in Latin America, they take away to be efficient. The plants need to work at capacity or close to it. The distribution too has to be logical. It is not worth it for them to sell to less(prenominal) populated mountain areas. The point of the new system that Andina is introducing is button to make sales, distribution, and manufacturing easier. The three countries are going to share their information with each other. rule dining table and the rest of the system will be successful if Andina can convince each country that they can trust it. Andina is doing a good job of onerous to unite the three subsidiaries through Control Panel. For Andina to succeed in the bottled drinks manufacturing and distribution business, they need to be the most efficient that they can be. There are many a(prenominal) bottled drinks in Latin America. There are many knock-offs of Coca-Cola as well. Andina is facing a lot of competition. They need to make sure that they are selling to a larger audience and not to a smaller one. There is no point in concentrating a large amount of your sales force on a mountain area or one that is spread out over some distance unless there is a large population that the drink is marketed to. If the mountain region makes up less than 5% of the companys sales, they should try to focus on a much populated area with more of a target market. In the case, it talks about how this happened in Argentina. They had 25,000 clients that accounted for only 3% of their sales, (10). The distribution costs were incredibly high on these customers. The smaller clients were raising their distribution costs because delivering a case here and a case there adds up. When it comes to manufacturing, the company needs to make sure that they have enough outputs for the demand. too the sales force needs to target the correct market. If the sales force focuses on a market with low consumption, their sales are not going to be as good as a market with high consumption. With the implementation of the new system and control panel, Andina is trying to bring their company together. T... ...elped solve.In order for Control Panel to work fully, Andina corporate needs to convince their Brazilian subsidiary that the Control Panel is here to help not contuse them. Also it seems like a case of the managers being afraid of losing their jobs to other managers such as one from Chile. The corporate headquarters needs to reassure them that Control Panel is not a way to fire the employee but there to help them do their job more effectively and efficiently. Maybe a grooming session with the employees could help boast their confidence in the syste m. For the managers in Brazil, they could hold like a managers retreat and inform them of how useful the whole system and it components are. They could also try to reassure them that they will not be losing their jobs because of the implementation of the new system.Andina is making a very good effort to combine their company. They seem to be willing to work with each subsidiary to try and make the manufacturing and distribution processes easier. They need to continue to take the path they are currently on. They also need to keep reassuring their subsidiaries that this new system and all it components are there to help not destroy.

Physics of Car Racing Essay -- physics sport sports racecar car race r

This paper is a look at the natural philosophy behind simple machine racing. We look look at how we can use physics to select labours, how physics can help predict how much traction we will have, how physics helps modern cable cars get there extreme speed, how physics lets us predict the power of an engine, and how physics can even help the driver find the quick way around the track.Tires are the most important part of race or any car for that mater. (Physics of Racing) After all they are the solely matter that is contact with the ground Tires work by having a high coefficient of friction. Some slicks have a friction coefficient grater then 1 (Physics of Racing) Typical normal channel tires have coefficient of about .5 to .6 . In physics we learned that friction was equal to mew times the normal mash. Since race cars are typical much luminousness then normal cars, they use tricks to increase the downward force on the tires. Some drag tires run really low pressure, oth er drag cars agate line the car to lift the front wheels to put all the weight on the rear tires. Indy cars use a wing to generate down force, and ventures to suck the car to the ground. (How to Make Your Car Handle)Take a look at a good example of a slick and a normal street tire. The infinitesimal holes on the slick are to check how much slick is left on the tire, since tires tend to ware on the edges faster. The gaps in the normal tires allow the tire to transfer water away from the tire, so the tire can make contact with the road. Goodyear makes a slick that is grooved for racing in the rain, but only crazy (Indy, F1) people do thatThe circle of traction is a important racing concept with applications from physics. From newtons equation f=ma we know that the more force we apply to an o... ...turn, so you will end up off the track between points a and b. Because of this, many a(prenominal) racing teams use a program called rars. (Physics of Racing) It has many popular tracks, and different styles of racing, and cars. It shows how the cars take the tracks, and has little lines for the apex. This can help the driver find the line.RefrencesAll Physics equations are quoted fromPhysics for Scientices and Engineers 5th EditionSerway and BeichnerHarcourt, citadel Worth 2000Going Faster Mastering the Art of Race DrivingThe Skip Barber Racing SchoolBentley Publishing, Cambridge 1997How to Make Your Car HandlePuhn, FredHPBooks, natural York 1981Chassis EngineeringAdams, HerbHPBooks, New York, 1996The Physics of RacingBeckman, Brianhttp//www.miata.net/sport/Physics/2002Auto Math HandbookLawlor, JohnHPBooks, New York, 1992

Death in Dickinsons I heard a Fly Buzz When I died Essay -- Emily Dic

Death in Dickinsons I hear a fly buzz when I diedEmily Dickinsons poem I heard a fly buzz when I died is a reflection on what go alongs when one dies. In the poem, the loudspeaker system is waiting to die. It seems as though they are expecting something spectacular to happen at the moment of their death. This spectacular concomitant they are expecting does not happen.I heard a fly buzz when I diedBy Emily DickinsonI heard a fly buzz when I diedThe stillness round my formWas like the stillness in the air amidst the heaves of storm. The eyes beside had wrung them dry.And breaths were crowd sureFor that last onset, when the kingBe witnessed in his power. I willed my keepsakes, signed awayWhat portion of me ICould make assignable,--and thenThere interposed a fly, With blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz,Between the light and meAnd then the windows failed, and thenI could not see to see.The speaker describes their situation on their deathbed. The sense of stillness in the air means tha t the speaker thinks something important is about to happen when they die. Their mood is very solemn, and the still air brings a feeling of tension. There is not yet a mention of the afterlife, retributive the speaker waiting for death. The stillness is described as between the heaves of storm, referring to the calm that sometimes occurs between storms. This is a very quite almost cool stillness, but there is a sign of more things to come. In this case, death is the storm they are waiting for after the calm. The speaker is expecting a big event to happen. As the speakers loved ones begin to mourn, there is a feeling that they too were gathering around to witness some spectacular event that would ... ...There is no braggart(a) flash of light, no loud noises, just the simple buzzing of a fly. Seeing death as a vivid passing places man sanction in constitution. There is no amazing flash of light, or deafening noise, or grand revelation. The choice of a fly as the i nterrupting entity reinforces the anti-climactic nature of death. humanity passes into death the same as anything else in nature. The blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz of the fly implies that not even the buzz of the fly was meant to recognize the death of the speaker. The fly buzzes by because that is the nature of the fly. It did not stop its life for the death of the speaker. This can be seen as nature (the fly) realizing that death is not some incredible event, but a natural passing. Nature moves on, accepting the dead back into the earth. This reinforces that death, even the death of a human, is a simple passing.

Major Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology Essay -- Psychology Paper

Major Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology INTRODUCTION In this assignment I bequeath be describing the five major schools of psychological research. These are Behaviorism, Biological, Cognitive, Humanist and Psychoanalytical. I will then attempt to evaluate the pros, cons and practical applications of the Behaviorist and Psychodynamic approaches. BEHAVIORISM The earlier origins of conductism can be stemmed from the philosopher lavatory Locke (1632-1704). He believed that the human being is born as a tabula rasa. This effectively means a newborn baby is a blank slate with no prior knowledge or ideas. According to Locke it is experience through senses, which provides the mind. The modern founding father of behaviorism is John Watson (1878-1958). He believed that should be about the study of observable behavior and that behavior is molded by experience. Behaviorists believe that however complex a piece of behavior might be, it is possible to break it down and analyze it in basic STIMULUS-RESPONSE units. This theory also relates to Reductionism, where psychologists attempt to understand behavior by looking at the most basic parts. This S-R theory can be best demonstrated in the work of a Russian psychologist called Pavlov (1849-1936). His theory of Classical Conditioning centred on his study of dogs and his attempt to artificially condition a natural response. The sight/smell of food leading to salivation is an unconditioned S-R. He introduced a neutral excitant when food was presented so the dogs associated the two. After this conditioning was complete the dog salivated when presented with the neutral stimu... ...ed from one subject. So if the basis for the research is in doubt the results must also be brought into question. In modern research a large sample is demanded to give room for error and individual differences. The main theme is that we are controlled by our past, this is true to an extent but it implies that we have no control over our lives. All our actions are pre-determined by past experiences. This has also brought reservations about the merit of Freuds theories. blemish though it is, without it the world of psychology would be a different place. BIBLIOGRAPHY Printed publications Perspectives in psychology Wadeley and Birch 1997 Macmillan Psychology in perspective Hayes 2002 Palgram Mind ceremonial H and M Eysenck 1994 MMB Internet Sites www.psychclassics.yorku.ca www.psychology.org

Ivan the Terrible Essay -- History

Ivan the TerribleIm doing my report on Ivan the Terrible. Ivan Vasiljevich the Terrible was born in 1530 and died in 1584. He was the son of the Grand Duke Vasili III. His mother Helena Glinsky was the daughter of a Luthuanian refugee who had found asylum in Russia. She was young, vivacious, intelligent, and beautiful. Vasili had married her afterwards he well-tried to have an heir for 20 long time with his first wife Salome. Vasili was in his 50s, and Helena was 20 when Ivan was born. Ivan had another brother Yuri born 18 months later. The sidereal day of Ivans birth, August 25, 1530, was a joyful one. The Grand Duke ordered prison doors opened and chains of thousands of prisoners were removed and the prisoners freed. Nobles who had fallen into disgrace were pardoned. Hermits and holymen were invited into the walls of the Kremlin, and seated as honored and guests. The drove under which his son Ivan was born, and under which he would have to live his life, was a dark one.(Koslow, Jules). In 1553, Vasili died after a long ailment. Ivan, whom was only 3 years old at the time of his fathers death. With emerge a ruler boyars (advisors) took over, only to have wars and suffrage in Russia. For the next several years, the struggle continued with taboo out mercy on either side. Tyranny prevailed. Prisons filled. relief Anarchy supplanted oligarchy. The boyars behaved like wild beasts. Russia was rent by contending factions, bathed in blood and ruled by barbarity.(Koslow, Jules). But with in the mist of the struggles Ivan grew up behind the fortress of the Kremlin walls. Ivan was 8 years old when his mother died. Throughout his child years, he never had a fathers hand to guild him, or a mothers love tender love. Him being an orphan was a blow that shaped his entire life. It was marked with violence and indelibly stamped his character, and future actions and thoughts. He lived his earliest years in a struggle for power, with murder, imprisonment, and torture being c ommon. Boyars killed boyar & henchmen marched them off to prisons at swords point. When Ivan was only 12, followers of Prince Ivan Shuisky, made a midnight raid upon the Metropolitans quarters. Breaking down Ivans door, he looked around only to see fierce, armored soldiers with swords, coming to murder him. The soldiers left with out harming him. But Ivan could never get the fear of coming close to ... ...ediately baptized Maria. In 1581, Ivan killed his son Ivan, the heir to the throne, in a fit of rage. Ivans son had his fathers temper. one day, Ivan IV walked into the apartment of Ivan (the son) and started criticizing Ivans seven month pregnant wife about her dress. Ivan was so enraged by her unacceptable dress, that he started to hit her. His son comprehend her screaming and ran in. He tried to stop his father. Ivan IV was so enraged with his sons actions that he took his taff and struck his son on the head, killing him. Because of his kicks and blows, Ivans daughter-in-law also lost her child. In one day, Ivan killed the future Czar and Czarvich of Russia. Ivan was instantly remorseful about his actions, but nothing could be done. With the death of Ivan IV and his son, Fedor, a half-witted man who like the Church and ringing bells, ruled the country. (The first son, Dmitry had died.) Because of this tragedy, after Ivans death in 1584, the country entered a time of troubles. He had left Russia without a strong ruler. Because of the troubles after Ivans death, some people actually wished that Ivan was still there to rule them. This is my report on Ivan the Terrible.

Ivan the Terrible Essay -- History

Ivan the loathlyIm doing my report on Ivan the Terrible. Ivan Vasiljevich the Terrible was innate(p) in 1530 and died in 1584. He was the son of the Grand Duke Vasili III. His mother Helena Glinsky was the daughter of a Luthuanian refugee who had found asylum in Russia. She was young, vivacious, intelligent, and beautiful. Vasili had married her aft(prenominal) he tried to have an heir for 20 years with his first wife Salome. Vasili was in his 50s, and Helena was 20 when Ivan was born. Ivan had another brother Yuri born 18 months later. The day of Ivans birth, August 25, 1530, was a joyful one. The Grand Duke ordered prison doors opened and chains of thousands of prisoners were removed and the prisoners freed. Nobles who had fallen into disgrace were pardoned. Hermits and holymen were invited into the walls of the Kremlin, and seated as honored and guests. The cloud under which his son Ivan was born, and under which he would have to live his life, was a dark one.(Koslow, Jules). In 1553, Vasili died after a long ailment. Ivan, whom was plainly 3 years old at the time of his fathers death. With out a ruler boyars (advisors) took over, only to have wars and suffrage in Russia. For the next several years, the manage continued with out out mercy on either side. Tyranny prevailed. Prisons filled. relief Anarchy supplanted oligarchy. The boyars behaved like wild beasts. Russia was rent by contending factions, bathed in line of reasoning and ruled by barbarity.(Koslow, Jules). But with in the mist of the struggles Ivan grew up behind the fortress of the Kremlin walls. Ivan was 8 years old when his mother died. Throughout his child years, he never had a fathers hand to guild him, or a mothers love tender love. Him being an orphan was a blow that shaped his entire life. It was pronounced with violence and indelibly stamped his character, and future actions and thoughts. He lived his earliest years in a struggle for power, with get rid of, imprisonment, and torture being common. Boyars killed boyar & henchmen marched them off to prisons at swords point. When Ivan was only 12, followers of Prince Ivan Shuisky, made a midnight raid upon the Metropolitans quarters. Breaking down Ivans door, he looked around only to see fierce, armored soldiers with swords, coming to murder him. The soldiers left with out harming him. But Ivan could never get the fear of coming close to ... ...ediately baptized Maria. In 1581, Ivan killed his son Ivan, the heir to the throne, in a belong of rage. Ivans son had his fathers temper. One day, Ivan IV walked into the apartment of Ivan (the son) and started criticizing Ivans seven month pregnant wife about her dress. Ivan was so enraged by her unacceptable dress, that he started to butt against her. His son heard her screaming and ran in. He tried to stop his father. Ivan IV was so enraged with his sons actions that he took his taff and struck his son on the head, killing him. Because of his kicks and blows, Ivans daughter-in-law alike lost her child. In one day, Ivan killed the future Czar and Czarvich of Russia. Ivan was instantly remorseful about his actions, but nothing could be done. With the death of Ivan IV and his son, Fedor, a slow-witted man who liked the Church and ringing bells, ruled the country. (The first son, Dmitry had died.) Because of this tragedy, after Ivans death in 1584, the country entered a time of troubles. He had left Russia without a strong ruler. Because of the troubles after Ivans death, some people actually wished that Ivan was still there to rule them. This is my report on Ivan the Terrible.

Irresistible Lab Report Chem 109

Abstract A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when H+, OH-, or H20 is added. By using standard laboratory equipment, a lab pro diagnostic tool, and acetousic and basic solutions, the pH can be found. By recording the pH while adding a base or an back breaker gradually to a buffer solution you can find the capacity of each buffer to resist drastic changes in pH. The best buffers go out keep a solution from becoming either too acidic or basic with the addition of a strong base or acid. IntroductionThe impersonal of the Irresistible lab is to determine the capacity of each solution (unbuffered and buffered both) and how much they resist changes to pH. This is accomplished by having ten graduated beakers two containing pure water, two with . 1 M Sodium Chloride, two with 1 gram of consentaneous atomic number 11 acetate dissolved in acetic acid, two with 5 grams of solid sodium acetate dissolved in acetic acid, and two with 10 grams of solid sodium acetate dissolved i n acetic acid. These are start out into two groups of five containing one of each solution.The pH of each solution is then measured and a pipette is used to distribute 1 mL of HCl, a strong acid, at a time to each solution in the first set, with the pH being measured and recorded until a drastic change is recorded. The procedure exit be repeated with the other set of solutions using NaOH, a strong base. I would predict that the pure water and sodium chloride solutions would non have a very strong buffering capacity and therefore would almost immediately reduce or raise the pH level depending on whether a base or acid was added.As far as the mixture of sodium acetate and acetic acid, I would predict that they would be a smash buffer than the previous solutions. There are varying amounts of sodium acetate, but I dont predict that they will have much opposite results as far as buffering solutions goes. This is because they all have the similar amount of acetic acid, which will a ct as the main buffer. I predict that this will be the limiting reagent out of those solutions. Method I began by preparing ten beakers, labled 1-10 and added 50 mL of water to numbers 1 and 6. In 2 and 7 I added 50 mL of . 1 M NaCl.I added sodium acetate to the rest of the beakers 1 gram to 3 and 8, 5 grams to 4 and 9, and 10 grams to 5 and 10. I then filled the beakers that contained the solid sodium acetate with 50 ml of . 10 M acetic acid. Specifics can be found on page 84 of the lab manual. Though the lab manual instructed to use a pipet, we did not have an accurate 1 mL pipet or a graduated pipet, so we instead prepared two graduated burets with 1 M Sodium Hydroxide and 1 M hydrochloric acid. Using a standardized pH probe with a Lab Pro to measure changes in pH, we added 1 mL of HCl at a time and recorded the changes.The same was done for the NaOH. Results We only added a small amount of HCl to the water and sodium chloride. We did not continue to add more HCl after a signific ant drop in pH was recorded. We added a total of 2 mL of HCl to both H20 and NaCl before the pH changed. The 1 gram solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid changed after a 8 mL, and the other two never dropped before we reached our total of 10 mL HCl. The Effect of Acidon Solutions 50 ml H2050 mL . 1 M NaCl1 g CH3COONa5 g CH3COONa10 g CH3COONa TrialpH 07. 516. 374. 745. 75. 97 11. 591. 384. 545. 455. 88 21. 121. 184. 375. 355. 75 3 4. 185. 245. 68 4 3. 985. 155. 59 5 3. 765. 075. 51 6 3. 455. 015. 46 7 2. 984. 935. 41 8 1. 634. 865. 34 9 4. 815. 31 10 4. 775. 26 We repeated the procedure with the second set of solutions, but replaced hydrochloric acid with sodium hydrated oxide. Like the last set, both sodium chloride and water changed pH almost instantly. It took one mL to reach a significant rise in pH. The other three solutions all took a total of 4 mL to rise to a pH of a little over 13. 6. The Effect of home plate on Solutions Trial50 ml H2050 mL . 1 M NaCl1 g CH3COONa5 g CH3COONa10 g CH3COONa 06. 777. 34. 845. 6255. 934 112. 9913. 1355. 7836. 164 2 5. 366. 1456. 444 3 6. 267. 9557. 53 4 13. 0613. 1413. 14 5 raillery The point of this lab was to determine the capacity of each solution as a buffer. By adding a strong acid to the solution we were essentially touchstone the amount of hydrogen atoms that could be absorbed by the solution (buffered) before the limit was reached and they were abundant in the solution (pH).The same was measured by wish of the hydrogen atoms and abundance of hydroxide ions in solution when the base was added. As seen in the graph above, water has little to no buffering capacity. Because it contains a hydrogen and hydroxide ion, it should have some buffering capabilities, but I suspect that the fact that the acid was strong quickly overcame the capacity. Similar results with the sodium chloride show that its buffering capacity is not good. The 1 gram of sodium acetate reached its capacity at 8 mL of HCl, and the other two never dropped off.This shows that they were continuing to buffer past the 10 mL of HCl. The graph above shows the same solutions with the addition of Sodium Hydroxide. Once again water and NaCl do not buffer well and at 4 mL of NaOH all three sodium acetate solutions reached capacity. In a lab like this, errors are very likely. There is the absence of ionized water, for one, to consider. This could good skew results because the water could be contaminated. Unfortunately the equipment is old and could be faulty. And also those doing the experiment could have bad techniques because we are so new at this.The lab was also open, and the contaminates could easily mess up the results. If I were to do this lab again, I would do more with the varying concentrations of sodium acetate to acetic acid solutions. Obviously they were the best buffers, but I would test different ratios and concentrations along with different volumes of acetic acid. With more experimentation, terminuss could be mo re easily drawn among the relationship of these two. Conclusion Buffers are very important in all aspects of life. In the body they keep the blood from becoming too acidic or basic, for example.Ive learned that not all solutions make good buffers, water for example, did not stand up to the strength of the sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. In conclusion without buffers, our whole world would be acidic and basic, no neutrals around. References Kautz, J. , D. Kinnan, and C. McLaughlin. 2011-2012. interpersonal chemistry 110 Laboratory Manual Taking things apart Putting things together. Plymouth, MI Hayden-McNeil Publishing. Gilbert, T. R. , R. V. Kriss, N. Foster, G. Davies. 2004. Chemistry The Science In Context. New York, NY W. W. Norton & Company

Paul on Grace Essay

The purpose for this paper is to provide historical background on capital of Minnesota and decorate. I bequeath also provide how it is applied to modern propagation, how it has changed my life as thoroughly as my learning goals from this paper on capital of Minnesota and tenderness.Paul embraced divinity fudges grace after his conversion and call and protested others about it. He expresses consistently how grace is the solitary reason that salvation is attained. Researches of articles of the subject as well as Pauls epistles provide evidence of this. harmonize to Paul, by grace we ar saved, (Ephesians 28).Historical Information About Paul on Grace There is no doubt that Paul was chosen by theology to be the vessel to communicate His good news to others. Cornelius R. Stam a author for www.bereanbiblesociety.org points out that Paul has more to say about grace than any other writers of the Bible. Stam says, The Hebrew equivalent of Pauls word for grace is effect only 68 time s in the whole Old Testament (which is nearly twelve times the size of Pauls epistles) and then non always relating to Gods grace, and never to the dispensation of Grace. In the four Gospels (nearly twice the size of Pauls epistles) the word grace (Gr. charis) with its derivatives appears in the professional only 13 times. Furthermore, in Pauls epistles the word grace is nearly always use in association with the dispensation of the grace of God. Paul wrote greatly concerning grace. Each epistle signed by Paul opens with an assertion of grace and peace from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.Pauls epistles reveal that we be under grace rather than the law. In them we discover that we are justified freely by Gods grace (Rom. 324). He also informs us that where guilt abounded grace did much more abound (Rom. 520). Paul asserts that God is able to make all grace abound to us in frame for us to abound to every good work (II Cor. 98).Grace is used in the book of Acts 4 time s before the raising up of Paul and 12 times afterwards. However, before his raising, the term was non used toward the dispensation of grace or toward salvation by grace. After his conversion is when the word is used often and toward the dispensation of grace and salvation by grace.According to www.gracepoints.com, Paul was the first to refer by divine inspiration to the dispensation of the grace of God, which is give me to you-ward (Eph. 32), and to the ministry which I learn received of the Lord Jesus to testify the gospel of the grace of God (Acts 2024). Before Paul, no one had ever mentioned the dispensation or the gospel of the grace of God.Above all, Paul revealed the most important doctrine that concerns our salvation. And that is that By grace we are saved (Eph. 28). Ernest L. Martin, Ph.D., asserts in an article that Pauls definition of grace house be found on II Timothy 215 which says, Study to show thyself approved unto God, a mechanic that neededth not to be ashame d, rightly dividing the word of truth. In other words, we are to divide the Gospel rightly so that there is no confusion among those we teach. Martin, expresses that Paul was speaking of the fact that only a remnant of Israelites were then accepting Christ in the proper manner and he said this remnant was by the election of grace. Martin also asserts that from Paul he understood that salvation requires no works of a man. This seems strange at first, but it is until one reads II Timothy 19 that it makes sense. II Timothy 19 Who God hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his protest purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began.Paul is emphatic in stating that his ministry is a product of grace he explains that his ministry is according to the gift of grace which given to me according to the working of His power Eph 37. The notion that Pauls ministry is due to Gods grace is confirmed by his saying , But I labored more than them all, and yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me1 Cor 159-10, www.embracehisgrace.com . In I Cor. 1510 Paul says, by the grace of God I am what I am.As stated before, Paul had loads to say on the subject of grace. Paul acknowledged how important grace was especially concerning his salvation. He wished grace upon the recipients of his letters at the start of his epistles as a means of permit them know he was wishing or praying good health upon them (Rediscovering Paul An Introduction to His World, Letters and Theology pg. 58)All of his epistles are proof of that. They not only moved(p) his time as they affect contemporary life as well. Application to Contemporary LifeFor Christians, Pauls words on grace are applied in contemporary life as a reminder of how we are saved and just how good God is. The apostle Paul insists that salvation is given to us only by grace. For us to have perfect righteousness by our good works is impossible. It is Chr ists good works that count. According to www.askelm.com, God gives us salvation by grace as a gift. In his letter to Ephesus, Paul said, For by grace are you saved through and through faith and that not of yourselves it is the gift of God not of works lest any man should boast, (Ephesians 28). The website also explains how grace and works are completely opposites. Rewards sum up by the practice of works, but mercy comes by the application of grace.Grace is a wholesome gift that is freely given. God gives it to us constantly, especially when we merit the total opposite. Conversely, the law is always associated with works and deeds. The breaking of law results in wages beingness paidthe wages of death (Romans 632). As Paul said, the law entered, that the offence sin might abound, but where sin abounded, grace did much more abound (Romans 520). No matter how much believers mess up, Gods grace frees them from its severe penalties. No matter the good deed people try to do to make lia isons better, it is ultimately His grace that overrides it all. Knowing this relieves burdens on the numerous Christians that consistently do wrong. It is knowing how overnice God is that informs them that everything will be okay as He is in control. Christ places salvation at our reach. It is up to us to walk by faith and grab it. Christ did what no man can do and that is maintain a perfect record book of righteousness. Therefore, the Father put Christ as the substitute to account for everyones righteousness. He paid the debt of all to God which is why all inherit grace from Him. Once again, to Paul, salvation is exclusively from grace.But of him are you in Christ Jesus, who of God is made UNTO US wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption, (I Cor. 130) Through the acceptance of Christ and being in Him, God has made us to be in perfect wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption. He wiped the slate clean that all generations from back then to contempo rary times may receive the kingdom of Heaven.According to searchingforgrace.com, Paul went to extreme measures to highlight just how significant and devastating this false teaching was, going so further as to say that it was actually disabling the grace empowered life within them. It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery, (Galatians 51-2). This is a reminder as those of today read the Bible of how dainty God is. Specific behaviors, values, or preferences your research has brought you personallyResearching this topic has been a constant reminder of just how amazing God is. Without Him there is no me. however because we are saved by His grace is no excuse to sin it up just for the fun it. Appreciating Gods grace is the best thing I can do along with do what is right to the best of my ability. There is always room to improve in my life but Gods grace lets me know that He still loves me no matter what. With Him on my side through His grace I know that I can overcome it all. Paul showed how much he valued and appreciated grace as he constantly talked about it and spread the Word to others. God was gracious enough to change Pauls life for the better and allow him to inform others of the Gospel. He has certainly done the same for me. This is why I do my best to plow the Gospel with others as much as I can. Paul reminds me that by His grace I am savedPersonal study Goals from Research My personal goals from this research paper would be to keep the faith and always remember how gracious God is. I must embrace what Ive learned more. In all that I do I must remember to keep Him first above anyone else. Finally, I must continue to inform others of the Gospel and His grace. ConclusionIn closing, Paul made it clear how valuable Gods grace is. He shared the news with everyone he could. His epistles have served as a constant reminder of this. Knowing of Gods grace and believing in it has changed my life I can now share the news with others. May it continue to bless others as it has blessed me.

Tata’s Takeover of Jaguar and Land Rover: Bumpy Road or Smooth Ride?

Tatas Takeover of Jaguar and Land Rover Bumpy Road or Smooth Ride? In June 2008, India-based Tata Motors Ltd. announced that it had realised the acquisition of the two iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) from the US-based Ford Motors for US$ 2. 3 billion. Tata Motors stood to gain on several fronts from the deal. One, the acquisition would suspensor the company acquire a global footprint and enter the high-end premier segment of the global automobile market.After the acquisition, Tata Motors would own the worlds cheapest car the US$ 2,500 Nano, and luxury marquees resembling the Jaguar and Land Rover. Though there was initial scepticism over an Indian company owning the luxury brands, ownership was not considered a major consequence at all. The takeover has been greeted with jubilation, especially in India, because of the prestige of these marquee brands. On the other hand, sceptics have also been wondering how this acquisition fits in with the Tata Groups overall strategy. What fuel the Tatas do differently than Ford to ensure that the acquisition pays off?What major challenges will Tata Motors face in integration and marketing? I in person find it a very fascinating deal. Its clearly not a deal that is trying to build economies of scale in just one craft and just reach into new markets. Its quite a differently motivated deal. For Tata its not the first time that theyve reached for a brand with some prestige esteem as part of expanding their global visibility. So I think viewed as an acquisition that they intend to learn a great deal from, it could very wellhead make sense.

Crash and Privilege, Power, and Difference

Matthew Miller Paper 1 Privilege, Power, and Difference* and *Crash The Movie Crashis set in Los Angeles and begins when several volume are involved in a multi- gondola car accident. From there the scene skips to the day before where we see the lives of several of the characters who were involved in the ram and the racial capers they encounter that day. The moving-picture showbegins by showing an Islamic valet and his daughter going into a gun shop to by a gun. When the Islamic earth speaks in a different language to his daughter the store clerk says to him Hey Osama, plan your Jihad on your own season. An arguwork forcet ensues and the daughter ends up staying in the store and buying the gun, and instead of bullets she accident t knocked out(p) ensembley buys blanks asammo, however the clerk does not tell her this. The movie then skips to a couple of young shadowy men who are complaining about the service they received at a restaurant. One of them says it is because of the stereotype that blacks wearyt tip very well, and thensays that he didnt tip anything because of the poor service. As the two black men are walking down the street they come across a colour political leader and his wife.When the politicians wife sees the black men coming towards them she gets finisher to her husband. One of the black men noticesthis and points it out. Shortly after they pass each otherwise the young black men steal the white couples car at gunpoint. The politicians wife is re all(prenominal)y upset about existence carjacked and has all of the locks in their house changed. When the locksmith comes and she sees that he is Hispanic she takes her anger out on him. The movie then shows a white LAPD incumbent who is trying to get checkup help for his ailing father.The officeris having problems with a black clerk who wont give the officers father permission to see another doctor. The white officer takes his licking out on a black couple during a traffic stop and end s up sexually assaulting the woman. Next the Persian from the beginning of the movie calls the Hispanic locksmith to have him fix the lock at the shop that he owns. The Hispanic locksmith tells the Persian that he changed the lock but it wouldnt do any develop because he needs to replace the door. The Persian gets mad and tells the locksmith to fix the door and the locksmith said that he doesnt do that, he just fixes locks.The Persian shopkeeper gets really mad about this. Shortly after this,the Persian mans shop is robbed, and because he didnt replace the door insurance pass on not cover the damage. The Persian man is extremely upset about this and blames it on the Mexi squirt Locksmith. The white police officer has another run in with the HMO clerk. The white police officer basically tells the clerk that she only got that meditate because of affirmative action and that she probably beat out eight more qualified white men for the job.He also tells her that despite the fact that his fathers janitorial service employed only black men he was forced out of business by affirmative action laws. The movie then goes to the crash where the black lady that was assaulted earlier in the movieis trapped in her car and meet by gasoline. It is only a matter of time before the car will explode and the first officer on the scene is the white officer who assaulted her earlier. The black lady initially tells him to go away, but he is very nice to her and ensures her that he is only trying to save her.He pulls her out of the car just before the car explodes. The movie then shows the Hispanic locksmith getting home from work, where he is then approached by the angry Persian shopkeeper, who blames him for his store being robbed and pulls a gun on him. The Hispanic locksmiths daughter sees the gun pulled on her dad and runs in front of him just before the Persian man pulls the trigger. The shot is fired and everyone considers the young girl has been shot, but since the Persia n mans daughter accidentally bought blanks in the beginning of themovie the young girl is fine.The movie ends with one of the young black hijackers being shot by the partner of the racial white police officer over some confusion. The first time I saw Crash my initial response was that the movie is incredibly sad. It is upsetting that so some(prenominal) of the racial issues we are faced with today subject from ignorance and fear. Part of me thinks this movie goes a little overboard with the racial discrimination issues in the movie because I dont chicane if it is likely that so many mountains paths would cross in such a way where so many of them have such deep rooted racial discrimination and mis figureing.It virtually seems like the movie takes the racial stereotypes a little too far, but I think that was the point. It shows stereotyping and racism to an extreme and it makes you think that these peoples actions are ridiculous. I dont think most of us are racist to the degre e that is shown in the movie, but showing it to such an extreme really makes you aware of how unintentional racism is on any level. While the movie takes these examples to extremes, I do think a dower of the racial issues that occurred in the movie do see on a regular basis, the movie just ties themtogether in the span of two hours to make a movie.At first I thought this was a little too much, but now I get the point of it. I really think the point of this movie was to assist awareness of the problem because awareness is a major step in the right direction towards solving the problem. One thing that stuck out to me because Ive heard a lot about it is in the beginning of the movie when the young black men are talking about the poor service they received and that it was because of the stereotype that black people dont tip very well. I have been dating a server for a few years, and she really isnt racist at all, but she says this is true.She says she hates it because anytime she is serving a table of black people this stereotypegoes through her head and she hates thinking that but its true. I seriously dubiousness she is a person who would ever give them poor service because of the stereotype but I am sure that in some cases that happens. I think sometimes stereotypes are reinforced because of peoples preconceived thoughts. I am sure there are cases where a table of black people may receive poor service because the server assumes the table will tip poorly and then because the table receives poor service they probably do tip poorly, and the stereotype is reinforced.I thought the movie Crash and the take hold Privilege, Power, and Differencewere similar in many ways, but also very different in some ways as well. I think both the book and the movie take racial issues to extremes. I think they both do this to raise awareness of the important issues. In the book Johnson states People cant help fearing the unfamiliarincluding people of other races (2006, p. 4), J ohnson goes on to say this isnt inescapably true, but I think the movie tries to highlight this aspect of the problem.In the movie when the politician and his wife are walking down the street, the wife gets closer to her husband when the young black men approach because she is afraid of them. She is a person that has probably not dealt with very many you black men and sheprobably thinks that all young black men are criminals. In the movie she turns out to be right about these two menand is carjacked by them, but real livelihood isnt really that way. At some points I thought the movie kind of reinforced negative stereotypes like the young black men thieving the white couples car after she seemed racist for thinking they would do that.The book talks a lot about white racism and makes it sound as if it is white privilege that is holding back black people. I think the movie does a better job of showing racism from all aspects. The movie makes it seem like all races are racist against races other than their own, while concentrating heavily on the relationship between whites and blacks. In the movie one of the young thieves says that he would never rob a black person, and goes on and on about how white people hold black people down. Another important issue that the movie brought up is affirmative action laws.The white police officer who is dealing with the black HMO clerk brings up the issue in an argument with her. I think obviously the officer is out of line with what he says,however he brings up a pretty solid point. The book goes on and on about the advantages of be privileged. When Johnson talks about the privileged he is referring to white men. Johnson says that the privileged have access to better jobs and will usually be hired instead of a black person or a woman. He is completely ignoring the affirmative action laws when he states this.Johnson states that watching movies and television the message came across loud and clear that white men are the most i mportant people on the planet (2006, p. 79). I think the idea of the white man being ideal can be seen in the movie. When the black couple is arguing after the woman is sexually assaulted by the white police officer , the women says to her husband, you didnt want to do anything because you didnt want your name to be in the paper and all of your friends to know you really are black.I think she is implying to him that he hangs around with all white directors and acts white like them so that he will be more successful, but in the process has lost his blackness. Overall I thought both the book and the movie do a good job of raising awareness of the many racial issues that we are face with. They both take these racial issues to an extreme to make it clear that they do exist to a large extent. I thought the movie did a better job of giving a realistic portrayal of racism from all sides while the book seemed to be stuck on the concept of white racism. White racism is certainly not a topic to be ignored and if you want to understand the racial issues we are faced with today it is not a bad place to start. However, the race issue runs much deeper than just white racism and can really be seen in cultures all around the world. I thought that Crash did a really good job of showing racism, and the negative need it has in our society. Bibliography Haggis, Paul (2004). Crash.

Ice Hockey and Highly Effective Tool Essay

All die-hard ice hockey fans have their own opinion on if contend should or should not be allowed in hockey. There are stacks of different debates going on dear now and umpteen people are getting a declare in what they think ab start promoteing such as, former Boston Bruins coach, Don Cherry and NHL director of hockey operations, Colin Campbell who said that most fans like advertizeing and that right now it has its place in hockey.Fighting is also a huge part of the game for some very aggressive players so to coin a guidance fighting from hockey would to be taking away some of the players as well. Although, some people say that fighting sends a bad pith to children it actually pr eveningts more injuries then it causes. Actually, most people think that fighting is a way for players to release their anger during the game and it even keeps the skilled players bulge out there from getting hurt because of the enforcers (fighters).Many people love to look at the game of hockey e ither to watch their favorite team play or their favorite player score the overtime winner but the one thing that boosts the excitement in every fan is a good impregnable drop of the gloves between two players. Although, fighting causes a five minute penalty for their actions, it is very exciting for the fans and is a highly effective tool for lots of teams.One of the National Hockey Leagues (NHL) biggest and most exciting brawlers of this time is Colton Orr of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Orr and many other major fighters give fighting in hockey a entire new meaning from knocking someone out to pulling on hair, but either way most fans love to watch the exciting bouts between two rivals. Still to this day just as many exciting fights are backpack place today just as they were when the game of hockey started.Secondly, if the commissioners took fighting out of the National Hockey League they would be taking the risk of losing a major percentage of the US market. This would be a huge pr oblem because there is a vast majority of people in the US who watch hockey and love it when a fight breaks out.This is a true fact because for example, the Philadelphia Flyers and Boston Bruins have a huge reputation for being two of the roughest, hard-bittenest teams out there. So, if fighting were to be taken out the NHL would also lose Boston and Philadelphia market which at this time is huge. If that were to happen they would lose a high majority of their ticket sales causing them to even shut down at some time.Thirdly, taking fighting completely out of hockey really wont solve any problems for anyone in fact it will probably make it even worse. By eliminating fighting this will just cause dirtier plays such as slew footing, slashing, spearing, hooking and many more forms of rough play which will make the eliminators of fighting think twice about what they had done.As well, if more forms of rough play began working its way into the league that could cause more injuries then fi ghting ever did alone. But, if they were to take out fighting out of hockey wouldnt it be fair to take out all types of contact as well, but then what kind of sport would we be left with? And I thought Canadians were supposed to be the tough ones.Finally, many people are saying fighting cant be taken out of hockey because for some teams picking a fight is a secret weapon for them. Fighting for some teams can be a highly effective tool for them when used right though. If, done right this can be very effective to intimidate a player and make him do dumb plays.For example, if you can get under a opponents whittle and into his head they are going to be more focused on you then any part of the game and this can cause them to give up the puck and then there coach could make them miss some of the game. Or if one of your players gets hurt due to a big hit and you go after them it shows your willing can stand up for them and that they cant mess with your team.

Business ethic reflective essay Essay

It was probably in 2010, I was an agent in an assurance company. My duties was managing and servicing our organizations existing corporate client portfolio that has been assigned to me. single of our company product called Saving Plan what pay an amount of money monthly or yearly up to 6 years, the annual will original 6% interest and consumer can take their money tail after they complete the 6 years payment. As we know, every product might put one over some weaknesses while it benefits us. It is commonly that company or sales man will try to minimize the weakness of product while they promote it. still what I did wrong was that I did never mention the product weakness to customer that they will only get the best return (interest) after 25 years when they completed payment for 6 years saving visualise, what I thought the saving plan as a force to consumer get role to save money and whoever buy the saving plan they will always get their money back at the end if they complete th e payment. My concern was goal cases at that time.In fact, It was kind of ethic problem when I promoted products moreover did not let customers understand all about it. Once I perceive complain from customer I felt so guilty of myself that I had hidden from my customers. I felt shame to face my customer. I felt that was unjust to my customers and I used customers belief to gain my own profit. I thought it will not have any lose for my customers rase I did not tell the limitation of the product cause after customer complete the saving plan, they could take their money back at anytime, but customers will only get their return of this investment after 25 years when policy mature. As it tend to depend on the economy, the saving plan may not make profit for customers. This lesson has taught me how to be an ethic person. We could put ourselves as consumers that we will always wish to know the truth and we have the right. I will never do this again in my life, trust is very important and to build a trust will always get back our customers. I would like to explain and analysis all to my customer. I wish I can be a ethic person wherever I am and whatever I do.

Han Fei Tzu and The Art of Hotel Management

Around 280 B. C. the royal family of Han gave birth to one of the greatest philosophers of China, Han Fei Tzu. He studied under Sun Tzu, and in addition, from other philosophers much(prenominal) as the Taoist Legalist philosopher, Shen Tao, and a Legalist philosopher, Shen Pu-hai. though Han Fei Tzu did non invent Legalism, he furnished the ideas to its perfection. His theories went against those of Confuciuss and other philosophers, focusing more on the practical level. Though ill fated to die in the hand of his own student, Li Ssu, Han Fei Tzus theories prove successful in uniting China and establishing the first emperor butterfly of China.Han Fei Tzu is a Legalist. His ideas of g everyplacenment proof and function strove for those of extremes, of utmost reward and penalization. Han Fei Tzu foc utilize on the art of dis leave. His ideas parallel those of the modern world business, where the society is filled with darkness. Moreover, his establishment of the hierarchy of estab lishment equals those of modern corporations. The Chief Executive Officer oversees separately and every order carried out, with specialists occupying different offices. Speaking of corporations, thither is one industry that would back off Han Fei Tzus close attention.Not only does Han Fei Tzus theories apply in this particular business furthermore, it actually functions in identical ways. In the hotel industry, the vital chemical element non only lies in skills, capitals, or services. Hotel human raceagement, for the General Manager, focuses on the tactics of administration. The society within the hotel themes upon tied complications between individuals. Each and every member and mental faculty deal non only with their duties. They face the challenge of cooperation and service. Thus, almost everyone in the hotel industry faces the challenge of culture, on the materialistic level.People do not glide path without purpose. Deals and transactions lie beneath every interaction. These deals and transactions may be job promotion, privileges, etc. When there is no use for any additional help, passel depart in their own ways. As one general jitney describes, Id rather induct a unfeigned enemy then all these false friends Putting Han Fei Tzu and the art of hotel management together provides the perfect combo. Han Fei Tzus The Way of the Ruler should work in harmony with the way of a General Manager.On the level of executive administration, Han Fei Tzu said, The prescript GM mustiness not reveal his desires for if he reveals his desires his ministers depart put on the mask that pleases him. He must not reveal his willing for if he does so his ministers will show a different face. (P16) A GM, like the ruler, must not reveal his square self to his employees. By revealing the GMs true self, he is also showing his weakness. Thus, his employees will be acknowledged of where to get at the GM. By this, the GM loses his control and power over his staff membe rs, disabling the superiority over them.The skill to perfect the coverage of identity is trust. It is hazardous, Han Fei Tzu warns, for the ruler of men to trust others, for he who trust others will be controlled by others. (P84) When trusting others, one reveals his secrets to them. In turn, one day these secrets may backfire and injure the position of the GM. Thus, devising confident(predicate) to ignore trusting others is a fundamental for GMs to stay in control. In connective to trust is the way of assignment. How plunder the GM appoint positions if he ceases to trust anyone?This is done through the means of observation. Han Fei Tzu recommended, if one were only to observe a mans features and dress and listen to his speech, then even Confucius could not be certain what kind of mortal he is. But if one tries him out in government office and examines his achievements, then even a man of mediocre judgement can tell whether he is stupid or wise. (P124) The result of the work is observed to judge a person. Intuitions and visuals are discarded. Rather, results are employ to judge an individual and used to place him or her in the right office.Due to the fact that the world of hotel management lies in deep connection with socialization, the personal line of credit between the manager and managed must be drawn. Henceforth, if the managed lacks the fear against the manager, the order of the hotel will be disrupted. Employees will act lazily and try to reduce their workload. Thus, to avoid slothfulness and enhance work efficiency, extreme measures of punishment must be carried out. The enlightened ruler, Han Fei Tzu describes, controls his ministers by means of two handles alone.The two handles are punishment and favor. (P30) With extreme punishment, the GM sets an example of how misconduct will be treated, while encouraging hard work by means of reward. The u keen-sighted of punishment and reward also allows great control by the GM. Han Fei Tzu explains, the officials will turn their backs on law, seeking only to establish weighty personal connections and making light of public duty. (P23) Through punishment and award, managers will be pulled away from attendance of establishing connections with higher(prenominal) executives, while focusing more on their duty.As mentioned above, the skill of socializing is so abused that hotel staffs unaccompanied rely upon connections to escape responsibility. Thus, they will learn that, though with connections, punishments will be carried out when duties are not fulfilled. Similarly, rewards will be given even there exists no connections, as long as the job is done right. Speaking of duties, the difference between executive officers and specialized staff must also be specified. Appoint one man to each office. Let no one, Han Fei Tzu suggests, do as he pleases, and never permit men to change office or to hold two offices at the same time. (P39)A waiter is a waiter, and his duty is to serve the cu stomer. Topping the waiters is the chief-waiter, who oversees the functioning of the restaurant. F/B (Food & Beverage) division manager sees to it that all the restaurants are providing the best service possible, keeping their customers content and jubilant. This is the dispersal of responsibilities. To succeed in management, the GM must remember the words of Han Fei Tzu, where the ministers name their proposals, the ruler holds fast to the name, and the ministers come forward with results.When names and results match, then superior and inferior will achieve harmony. (P37) Ones own duty must be recognized, and regardless of the importance of the task, only by the fulfillment of every detail can a hotel function in its ripe way. Moreover, things have their proper place, talents their proper use. When all are in their proper place, then superior and inferior may be free from action. (P35) Each member of the hotel secures their own position, making sure they have good ethics in thei r duties. One must not cross the lines of their responsibility, for it brings disorder and confusion to the hotel as a whole.Everyone minds their own task, and when appointed a certain position, they focus their energy to fulfill the requirements. Relating the bondage of duties and socialization of hotel members enter the competition for position. Every staff working in a hotel looks up to a higher level. They want to upgrade their status to increase their salary, to gain a better reputation, or other unspecific reasons. As a result, while everyone is socializing, treating each other in friendly matters, each one is in fact selfish. In reality, they fight over positions beneath the surface.Thus, a GM must sentry go against danger, fear peril, shed light on haste to designate your heir, and misfortune will have no means to arise. As long as the GM announces the entitlement of certain positions, individuals will be aware of the occupied office, thus ceasing to plot for competitions . crimson as the head of a hotel, the GM has to work in order to gain the favor of his colleagues. Unlike the times of Han Fei Tzu, where the emperor ruled a province, GMs ruled only a hotel. Thus, punishments such as beheading and property confiscation could not be utilized.An alternative would be persuasion, to success goody convince his employees to follow his orders. This would be the usage of rewards, or wages. Han Fei Tzu suggests, praise other men whose deeds are like those of the person you are talking to commend other actions which are based upon the same policies as his. Though this strategy is for ministers, the employers nowadays should also fill this tactic. Through persuasion, the GM may be able to command his people with greater efficiency. The hotel is like a province, and similar to ancient China, there exist more than one province.Competing hotels stand everywhere, and they are the ones that the GM battles. Thus, the GM must know how to maximize the usage of pub lic resource and private capital to triumph in sales over other hotel competitors. Han Fei Tzu has already seen the significance in resource allocation, as he describes, When the sage rules, he takes into consideration the quantity of things and deliberates on scarcity and plenty. (P99) Though by this Han Fei Tzu means in terms of punishment and reward, this rule would be applied towards the usage of capital and investment, for the time is situated for such measures.The change of technology and revolt of new competing hotels also forces the GM to decide on major upgrades for the hotel. Which component of the hotel should the GM upgrade? Should technology be weighed heavier, or should the GM renovate the expectation? Han Fei Tzu recommends, Those who have no understanding of government always tell you, Never change old ways, never depart from established custom But the sage cares nothing about change or no change his only concerns is to rule properly. (P93)By this, the GMs respo nsibility is to make the best decisions for the hotel, and because heap change according to the age, and ways of dealing with them change with the circumstances, (P99) the GMs decisions would be in reaction to the functions of competing hotels. If Hyatt renovated their lobby, Sheratons would check to see if this did create a higher room sales rate. If so, the Sheratons should also upgrade their lobby facility to compete against Hyatt. One particularly important writing of Han Fei Tzu is The Eight Villainies. This not only applies as a warning against the ruler and advice for the minister, it can also be curbd to be used by the GM.Han Fei Tzu would certainly enjoy seeing his tactics used to its full extent. Here is a briefing for how this Eight Villainies can be deployed and modernized for the best use by the GM making use of his bedfellows = Immediately upon distribution of reward, the GM may hope to ask for greater job performances, prior to the former one. Making use of his atte ndants = The GM, as the head of the hotel, can force level employees such as waiters to agree with the GM, thus convincing the waiter-head to be held responsible for certain events. This applies to other offices as tumesce.Making use of his elder and kin = By visiting the families of his employee, the GM may be more persuasive and successful at convincing his employee at undertaking certain task, for the family, in consideration of promotions, will try to convince particular individuals to gain favor of the GM. Encouraging baleful interestingnesss = The GM may appoint certain managers or staffs a better office, with richly equipped furniture and luxuries, thus impose heavier duty and greater responsibility unto the manager. Making use of the people = Considering one question, would the employees be in greater pursuit to gain favor from their GM or their manager?Given the fact that the GM is the head of the hotel, employees are certain to strive in contenting their wage-payer. Th us, the GM can impose a greater influence upon his employees to order managers indirectly to do so as the GM pleases. (This is very similar to Making use of his attendants) Making use of fluent speakers = In one way, the GM may assign speakers from popular hotel management schools such as Cornell to speak in agreement with the GM. This increases credibleness and enhances the strength of persuasion.Making use of authority and cogency = The GM is the head of the hotel, thus he possesses the greatest authority and might in the hotel. Using this power, the GM should exploit it to its full extent, by terminating unwanted managers or lazy employees. Making use of the surrounding = The fact that there are competing hotels can too, be used to the GMs advantage. His position enables special connections with other executives, thus when the GMs own managers are not following orders, the GM can make certain that he would not be able to gain a similar job at a different hotel. Only the GMs hot el is willing to accept this particular individual.Though these Eight Villainies may too, be used against the ruler -Han Fei Tzu wrote it as a warning to rulers- GM should also consider these tactics to employ them himself. A final warning Han Fei Tzu suggests is the trade of authority and power. In this case, Han Fei Tzu warns, no ministers should be allowed to borrow the power and authority of the ruler. (P89) The GM is thence the most powerful man in the hotel. If he was to lend his authority to managers, this power may be exploited in terms of corruption. Money might be drained, employees might be lost, and worse, the GM himself may be used as a scapegoat.Overall, the vital mentality that should be considered is not only the GMs. The hotel functions as a whole, thus each and every member work together to benefit the hotel. In hotel management, the ways of the GM stands not alone, but with the resist of his managers and employees. Thus, the mentality of these managers and empl oyees should also be considered.Han Fei Tzu summarizes the essence of this whole construct. The interests of the state and the individual are, Han Fei Tzu analyzes, mutually at odds, and both cannot prevail at the same time. Managers and employees must not act selfishly to gain their own benefits, but rather, everyone must work with good ethics to strengthen the hotel as a whole. The question, what would Han Fei Tzu say about hotel management, is asked. In response, Han Fei Tzu would comment, Hence it is said that the art of hotel management affiliates itself to the rules of a king, they work in the same mechanism. Han Fei Tzu would promote a copy of his philosophies to the GM of the hotel. The ways of the ancient government and modern hotel construct are identical.The only difference lies in the lack of military. Yet, without military and arms, the essence of Han Fei Tzus philosophies remains. Without the conduct of arms, persuasion is the new modern weapon. To manipulate the think ing of others is the new rule. Han Fei Tzus theories are in reality a cookbook for dealing with people. This works perfectly for hotel management because GMs deal more with socialization than actual hotel functioning. Indeed, there involve skill and talent to administer the hotel, yet in order for jobs to be done, the GM must learn how to control his managers and employees.Han Fei Tzu would have been the perfect GM if he lived. He would not comment on everything, but only minor details, for his theories apply in great affiliation with hotel management. Even on a greater level, Han Fei Tzus theories are in bondage to corporate functions. The weapon in the modern days though, is wealth. Han Fei Tzus thinking not only applies to hotel management, but it also works for corporate executives. Han Fei Tzu would have said the same things to each officer working in a firm, for his teachings hold true for everyone.Han Fei Tzus work is actually a perfect guideline for modern day society, where people work to their own benefits and lack the altruistic characteristic that existed in ancient times. Han Fei Tzu focuses specifically on the level of trust and socialization. This skill is vital in the survival of society, because in the world of infinite talents, it is only luck and connection that surfaces a persons identity and ability. Han Fei Tzu, though dislike the fact that this is true, admits to the flaw of the system. Human nature is ultimately bad and lazy. Each individual strives for their benefits, discarding gentle practice.Thus, Han Fei Tzu discredits and criticizes the theories of benevolence, particularly promoted by Confucius and Mencius. In the modern world, everyone tries to survive under the tide of wealth and capitalism. They work in companies and firms to accomplish this goal. Yet, it is the interaction of individuals that make up societies, communities, and corporations. Han Fei Tzu, if life history in todays world, would indeed thrift in his philosophi es, and make millions if he wrote the book, Han Fei Tzu and the Art of Humanistic Behavior. His ideas target not only rulers and ministers, they too, function well in todays world.

Internatiomal Relations Foreign Policy Essay

IntroductionThe US orthogonal insurance policy is undisputed going globose, be it in the bulge out-of-the-way(prenominal) East, place East and the Asia Pacific Regions. The goernments of the foundation be inherent with the same positions and policies in various aspects that carry on to political and economic security. On the other hand, the so-c wholeed policy in achieving gentlemankind security varies in degrees of considerations under the constitutions of different countries.As the argona watch and perseveres to achieving world order and peace, the punch and competition among effectual rural areas are at large. The stigma of terroristic attack on US soil has spread the slogan to residual up the co wardice and treacherous act of terror of Bin Laden and its cohorts.Way back in the 60s and 70s, the same sloganeering of distant policy towards strategic security train echoed in the corridors of South East Asia, as the Vietnam War wasted thousands of the Statesn soldie rs lives. As there was the maxim goes on dont fight your enemy in their own backyard.What has nearly recently demonstrable in the turn of twenty-first century is the strategic positioning of contrary policy as changing of the guards in allied presidencys progressively adhere or inclined to adopting a policy of abilityful nations.The order of influence, motive and clout is in the frontline of global competition in the context of socio-economic, political and social ontogenesis. more(prenominal) so, irrelevant policies bring forth and reach out diplomatic ties among allies as crossing borders widens and broadens powers that be. Policy on creative activity OrderThe Preemptive or preventive visors particularly on war on terrorism rooted out by 9/11 attack on US soil. The comprise of Ameri back lives outlived many agonies far reaching places of the terra firma. The war on terrorism has plagued the world order. Supported by US Congress and the UN, President Bush out cried t he rage and wage of war in Middle East. Economic embargo have somewhat the most outrageous assault coupled with advanced technological armament and military troops.At the height of massive legislation of policy, advocacy and military campaigns against terrorism to hold up world order, civil wars and domestic violence upsurge in other countries. Frightening issue on manufacturing of weapons of mass destructions has dubbed the North Korea, aside from known fractured pile of lethal weaponry in Iraq and Afghanistan. Not aloof to that is the continuing reign of terror of Islamic secessionist in Asia equal Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.Meanwhile, in the Philippines, the political science have sworn its allied support to combating and annihilating substantial terrorist groups and potential enemies of the state. The dreaded Islamic secessionist Abu Sayyaf terrorist group in the grey Philippines embarked on the first blow.The show of force and deployment of Ameri bay window t roops in the Philippines war zones through and through the OPLAN Balikatan (linking shoulder) of the tour Forces Agreement (VFA) which plays critical role to the Philippines armed forces. This manifests domestic implementation of outside policy in military affairs. It cited, though, that foreign policy imposition on domestic affairs of Philippine armed forces is impartial, ever since the OPLAN Balikatan specifically implements only combat exercises in unfamiliar war zones or combat territories.The call of the get together States to all of its allied countries and governments of the world is adhere on a policy of surviving and preserving the world order. Thus, the US foreign policy stands on the fundamentals of international stability. National security preemptive or preventive war strategy?The opening of third world countries in achieving national security is patterned with the Protect America Act Of 2007. In which it amended the outside Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) t o provide intelligence company essential tools to acquire important information about terrorists who want to harm America. (www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/nationalsecurity/) This follows the speech of US President George W. Bush on 10th October 2007In August, Congress passed the Protect America Act, a nozzle to modernize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. This new practice of law strengthened our ability to sop up foreign intelligence on terrorists overseas, and it closed a dangerous gap in our intelligence. Since this important measure took effect, our intelligence professionals have been able to gather critical information that would have been missed without this billet. And keeping this authority is essential to keeping America safe. Exchange of information in the parlance of clandestine sourcing involves method or techniques of achieving the so-called intelligence network. Whereas, nations or countries and even communities that shares the same information in ord er to preempt, prevent, outmaneuver a potential enemy attack or heist that put the state and its citizenry into woes and nut house are considered to be one in the intelligence community. The community has envelopes the security of the nation that spends the cost of unaggressive life by way of ensuring and securing politically, economically and socially. Capitalism free condescension or imperialism?Free trade is a growing issue of critical importance particularly to the third world economies. Like in the Philippines, the so-called global competitiveness is over dependent on the efficiency of agriculture and the development of industries in the rural areas. It sloppedt to be, as the open markets freely soar into sky-high pricing and inflation, the US and European markets are the major stakeholders and consumers. However, the quality and production standards are the sharp end in order to manage globally. The frequent Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) of the manhood Trade Or ganization (WTO) was established in 1994. The WTO conducted negotiations through the Uruguay Round from September 1986 to April 1994 in Punta del Este, Uruguay. The main objectives of the Uruguay Round, according to WTO, were to reduce agricultural subsidies to put restrictions on foreign investment and to begin the process of opening trade in services like banking and insurance (WTO).With the most recent conference (round of talks) in June 2007, negotiations within the Doha round broke down at a conference in Potsdam, New York, a major impasse occurred between the US, the EU, India and Brazil. The main disagreement was over opening up agricultural and industrial markets in various countries and also how to cut rich nation farm subsidies.Among the countries in South East, like the Philippines, exporting of raw materials is a major breakthrough to compete in the open market and trade. But the setback relies on achieving the quota on export volume as provided in GATT. The efficiency o f production of the Philippine agriculture does not mainly rely on the cost-effective hardship of the farmers and other sectors in fishery and livestock.Therefore, while a third world domain is ineffectual to compete and perform its stake in the open market, the means and least it can get is the profusion technology in post-harvest equipment, manufacturing, food processing and the exploits of cheap labor force.Capitalism has long been embedded in the history of monarchies, empires and dynasties. The ploys to developing the so-called bowl of economy have been brought about by war, famine, embargo and GATT. The capitalists countries move on investments to producing raw materials which the 21st century method calls it as out-sourcing or outbound. The out-sourcing or sourcing out is holistic as it invests directly in labor and raw materials. The greatest leap is to amass the power and influence of governments or bureaucracy. Democracy continuities and contradictions. The popular s tate and republican reform amongst governments are but a manifestation of battalions sovereign and constitutional rights. Democracy is basically upholding the freedom of pull up stakes and building where the form of law applies. Democracy sometime becomes the scapegoat of hostility where common people are compromised.The US war on terrorism, as outlined in its National security measure Strategy of 2006 (NSS 2006), merely defines the democratic will to uphold a just and peaceful state. Meaning to uphold the rule of law, preserve the peoples sovereignty, and secure the state and its citizenry from external and internal hostile forces. Again the 9/11 incident have broadened the US National Strategy of 2006 to cross borders as it reached out attack in Afghanistan and Iraq. Meanwhile, the facades of military force have shown in selective countries of the world in trail of terrorists.Over the last(prenominal) years after September 11th 2001, the world has witnessed the sword of Dam ocles unleashed in Middle East and countries in Latin America and South East Asia. The common understanding of allied countries to the US claims upheaval of human security and protecting democracies.It may be presumed with etymology that democracy is symbiotic to chaos or tyranny. The societal perception of having democracy is attained after a long dictatorial regime has reigned to power. In the Philippines, the 20-year old rule of the Marcos dictatorship has ended through a military-civilian-back revolt in 1986. The restoration of the so-called popular democracy have been labeled or seconded from the popular will of the Filipinos as the non-violent repartee dismantling the regime.Democracy can be also defined as to representing the collective and major stronghold of a sovereign people. sight as it mean humans. Therefore, democracy is people, humanity and sovereign will. World peace contributing or detracting?World peace is every mans dream and every nations hope. The attainment of world peace can be perceived by attaining a world order. The world order where every nation has resolutely achieved the event of democracy based on just and lasting peace. A government enjoys the fundamentals of peaceful co-existence with its people. The rule of law harnesses the transaction of justice. The abundance of life does not show in the streets where vagabonds and beggars dwell. The ecology returns its greens and life of the wilderness from extinction. Thus, world peace shall be harmoniously shared among nations.As the United Nations (UN) calls on the world order in accord of achieving world peace, the US foreign policy, together with its strategic security programs, remains as a predominating entity with the so-called vacuum of power. The continuing effort of the United Nations to halt global hostilities, the domestic conflict and foreign aggression have transformed into different level.The US foreign policy has an overarching policy framework that comprehends the f undamental factors shaping our world, in practice, foreign policy typically is local. In other words, foreign policy is not designed to deal with different forces separately or on a global scale, but rather with how they come together and interact to create cover problems or opportunities in specific regions and countries (Richard N. Haas, published article Policy shitrs and the Intelligence Community Supporting Us Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World, CIA posted document).It can be interpreted at a seculars understanding that the US foreign policy has a leverage to be dealt with or not. At a glance, the influence of foreign policy in the domestic political and economic affairs of a country can be superficial. It is for that particular country to be anointed with a foreign policy signpost to interact on its implementation or pattern its governmental guides. In other words, a country that adheres and implements the foreign policy complicates the fundamentals of its cheek as wel l as the political will, economic precedent and above all the lives of people.To which, the third world countries in general are in fragile take as benefactors of foreign policy, the disarray in governmental functions and helplessness for empowerment are only fractions of accumulative result.The avenues to achieving world peace with the continuing proliferation of a foreign policy in variable methods, situations and functions of people and government is a path to a long walk home. Human rights helping or hurting?It says that the essence of becoming a man is world human. Human right is the preservation and dignity of life, liberty, the freedom of feeling and expression, the equality before the law.As the war on terrorism escalates, a large number of casualties and refugees take place to grow. Starvation is a result of dislocation from economic source or absence of food supplying by economic embargo. Those are only a few result of sub-human condition in a world at war although some experts would refer to ethical parameters but still the essence of being human have denied.The Human Security Act in the Philippines have been legislated and on its infantile enforcement. The clout of enforcement have been claimed by defiant civil society groups in the Philippines as experimental and patterned to US National Security Strategy of 2006. According to reports, a case scenario of human rights violations has risen and growing from rocky 8-10 percent in years 2006 and 2007 breaking the similar reported cases at the time of martial law from 1973 to 1986 during the Marcos government (Philippines, Commission on Human Rights).With the clout of foreign policy in the third world countries, collateral damage in the face of the world order took place in small and starving populace. Man made disasters equals its fury to natural calamities. As though, foreign policy may not mean or intend to harm the steward of the land, the complicating effect settles its residue on the stew ardship. This means the system of execution becomes hurting to the core of the society that represents community, people, family and humans.III. Conclusion A thorough re pick up on available source or reference concludes that foreign policy influences overmuch on the context of political, economic and social function of people and its government. The reaching out to influence external or domestic affairs of allied governments is aider and cognizant to interpretation, studies and value assessment on impact to particular governance.The sympathy, cooperation, collaboration are among the vital faculties which the foreign policy inculcate among ally countries. The strategic positioning towards world domination is to win over supporters and the like in a rallying point of waging war on terrorist. The disturbing issue on human security, aside from acquiring a strategic security measure or preemptive response against terrorism, make a distinction to the latter. However, a common understa nding to safeguard the lives and property of devoid people reconcile the distinction between human security and strategic security measure against terrorism.In retrospect, the effects of US foreign policy to the third world politics and economy can be implied as a domestic affair or concern at the point of view of direct control or internal aggression over governance. What can be safely examination is the coherent application of a foreign policy in an unspecified territory, characteristic in governance of an allied government, the politico-economic and politico-military condition.The order of US foreign policy is characterized by its dominance towards world order. However, the resistance and insubordination among other powerful nations implicates competition resulting to conflicts, political and economic sabotage. This becomes an alarming situation that threatens the life and dignity of men, women and children, as well as the economic base.A critical perception and analyses on US foreign policy can be more effectively attained deducing the roles and executions of allied countries. The criticism on influencing the governance and potency of an allied country that patronize the foreign policy is an issue at large. As critics of US global domination should pause and consider the alternative. If the United States retreats from its hegemonic role, who would supplant it? Not Europe, not China, not the Muslim Worldand certainly not the United Nations. Unfortunately, the alternative to a single superpower is not a many-lobed utopia, but the anarchic nightmare of a new Dark Age (Ferguson, N., July/Aug. 2004, A World Without Power, Foreign Policy, Page 32-39).What sources tells about on the issue of US foreign policy is to what extent or magnitude of influence have taken place?The efforts on achieving a world order in the 21st century is deeply entangled in the history of the world where people converge in a common way of life, be it Western, Asian, Islamic. The conv ergence can be taken back before the development of society from its primitive communal state. The freedom or liberty of humankind, the practices and traits of people, the social order and democratization are the consistent fundamentals of a world order.Therefore, the US foreign policy is cognizant to the fundamentals and potentialities of stability in its international relations, diplomatic values amongst nations. The only way that the political will ofa foreign policy is a mighty sword and sharpened by the challenges it confronts. Bold and daring as it is sacrosanct of historically inherited dominion from the battle frontiers of France, Great Britain and Germany to the Pearl Harbor, Iraq and Afghanistan. The casualties in the effects of war on terrorism can be assessed as a pragmatic result of human and technical error. The debris from the destruction was fragments of reality in order to regain. The critical issues on national security, economy, governance and peoples democracy progressively draws conscience and awareness among leaders of nations. The consensus on US foreign policy in developing countries has much drawn critical importance to minimize the adversity in political, economic aspects and human suffering. That is for allied governments to make use the influence of foreign policy in the objective condition of its governance, mandate and the sovereign will of the people.REFERENCESExcerpt speech of US president George W. Bush, October 10th 2007The Uruguay Round, General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, World Trade Organization (WTO)Policymakers and the Intelligence Community Supporting Us Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World, Richard N. Haas, CIA posted documentCommission on Human Rights, Philippines, September 2007Published Article, US National Security Strategy of 2007

The Origins and Implications of Bebop of Dizzy Gillespie

The evolution of confidential information represents not secure the symphonyal adulthood and divergences in African-American music but also a essential button from the stereo geeks and socio-cultural issues that have been facing African-Americans. steer which is comm just regarded by critics as an African music smack with sexual innuendos had experienced its most dramatic and most important change in the introduction of whop. bebop then represents the departure from classical jazz and ushered the date of young black participants seeking to establish their own scope in the United States and the world.Pi championered by gifted musicians such(prenominal) as swooning Gillespie, the Bebop era during the 1940s- fifties is considered to be the end of classical jazz and the start of modern jazz. This paper seeks to explore and evaluate the origins of Bebop and Afro-Cuban Jazz and how it had changed the landscape of jazz music including the social and cultural context by which it is created and per create. Drawing from the life spirit level and works of Dizzy Gillespie, this paper traces the contributions of Bebop in jazz and in modern society particularly among African-Americans.Dizzy Gillespie and the Origins and turn up of BebopThe principal figure of Bebop music has been John Birks Gillespie or much popularly cognise as Dizzy Gillespie. Considered as the founder of Bebop music, Dizzy Gillespie was an instrumental figure in the popularity of the diversity of jazz to a much difficult and fast rhythms of whop as emphasized in the thirty-second notes and the familiar 2nd and 4th beats popular in African-Americans. Born in October 21, 1917 Gillespies family moved to sore York City in 1937 where he began to play the trumpet and worked with distinct artists through and through his job in different Orchestras.Even in his early years, Gillespie had been noted to change the chords humbled on the melodies in his performances. This is to be noted one o f the primary deviations of jazz from bebop. Inspired by the earlier styles of Eldridge, Gillespie was already known for his faster speed in playing the trumpet, utilization of chord changes and new rythms including the upper register notes above high C. His musical maturity was further honed when he met and collaborated with another bebop saxophonist player in Charlie Parker (Jazz at Lincoln Center, 9).In the 1940s, the report of Gillespie which included Groovin High, Woody n You, Manteca, Salt Peanuts among others was found in mainstream jazz. In the middle of 1940s, bebop was already gaining strength in terms of number of musicians and pursual. Bebop music emerged as a subcategory of jazz through the works of several African Americans who developed bebop as a combination of dancing, rhythm, harmony and the show of the song. These were the primary deviation of bebop from jazz. The autobiography of Bebop can be traced as early as the late 1930s through the works of Coleman Hawk ins and Charlie Parker.However, the rise in the popularity of bebop started in the 52nd Street when David Gillespie unitedly with Parker, Sarah Vaughan, and others has started to collaborate and develop the music. From there, the signal of the bebop era was welcomed together with the opening of the Onyx Club which has housed bebop musicians (Horricks, 5). Dizzy Gillespie did not only pioneer the popularity of bebop but was also considered to be as one of the more influential musicians of Afro-Cuban jazz which is also called the Spanish Tinge. To a large extent, the Afro-Cuban jazz was a direct descendant of the bebop music of Gillespie.Composed primarily of variety of music, Afro-Cuban jazz including the more popular ones in contemporary generation argon salsa, cha cha cha and merengue. The collaboration of Gillespie with Bauza during the time of bebop also ushered the era of Afro-Cuban jazz. With the influence of Gillespie, the song Manteca by Pozo was formed in the 52nd St. Thi s development furthered the audience of bebop to include Cubop (Afro-Cuban jazz). Concurrently, the Cubop gained a wider audience through the popularity of one of its variety- the mambo dance.Proponents and Opponents doctor of Bebop and Afro-American Music on Jazz First, Bebop was instrumental not only in modernizing jazz but also in portraying the social and cultural modernization of African Americans. To a significant extent, the emergence of bebop music is considered to be the start of modernizing jazz in the context of Afro-American music. This type of music however should not be confined to jazz, music and the arts alone. According to Ramsey, bebop signifies the African American responses to their experiences of modernity (97).Thus, the bulwarks of Dizzy Gillespies work together with bebop sessions in Harlem according to the spring are drenched with counter cultural imagery. Concurrently, bebop is instrumental in the emergence of jazz as a means of social expression full of political and cultural commentaries. Thus, bebop is not just an autonomous art but rather one that is both social and art. Second, bebop became the music not only of black African-Americans but also of young white Americans and Europeans. Before the development of Jazz, many cultures such as those in Europe considers jazz to be overtly sexual and is the music of Black Americans.With the emergence of bebop in the 1940s, the misconception of jazz and African Americans allowed a wider audience base- it is no longer confined to more liberal societies and liberals but were tolerated by conservative societies (Deveaux, 527). Consequently, Gillespie and the rest of the young black per designers together with young whites became a representation not just of the departure from the old Jazz but also a drive back and a criticism of the social and cultural beliefs of their ancestors (Ehrenberg, 236).To a significant extent, the changes in the notes, rhythm, chord, phrasing of jazz which ushere d the era of bebop made the perception of jazz as sexual and for romanticistics changed. The popularity and the widening of the audience base consequently was one of the primary impacts of Gillespie and bebop. Third, despite the differences between bebop and jazz, some jazz fans were reluctant to accept the presumable racing and fragmented sound of bebop. However, more jazz fans were fascinated and excited by the new type of jazz being offered to them (Ehrenberg, 237).The recession of bebop was centered on the jr. population (younger than the earlier jazz fans) this appeal was also attributed to the improvisation of the free structure in phrasing. Much like free verses that are popular today, bebops spontaneity became a hit for the younger audience. Moreover, the difficulty in performing bebop from that of jazz elevated the status of bebop musicians. For one, the use of chord substitutions and alteration in chords leading to rapid ever-changing in chord progressions limited the n umber of musicians who can play.This is because for one to perform a bop piece, the musician must be expert and extremely talented particularly with the development of confracts. Fourth, criticisms and opponents of bebop were further inhibit upon the introduction of Gillespie and some musicians of a variety of bebop- the Cubop or the Afro-Cuban jazz. The Cubop whose precursor is bebop emerged with the combination of bebop and the music from Cuba and Spain. The advent of this type of music did not occur in Cuba however, as it was popularized in New York due to the influence of its proponents.The popularity and charisma of Gillespie had been largely credited for the success of the Afro-Cuban music who had been trying to carve a niche of their own for years. Jazz from Latin American, it should be remembered had few following because of the lack of mainstream exposure. Similar to bebop, Cubop derives its ingenuity from the inscrutable cultural musical narrative of Latin America coup led with the free improvisation that was popularized by bebop. Termed as Descarga sessions or jamming in modern society, Cubop became popular in the US and other countries in the 1950s and mid-sixties.Consequently, it is also evident that Afro-Cuban jazz is largely African-American in nature. Both countries have the same history of being colonized and repressed for so long. Thus, interchangeable to bebop, Cubop also talked about social and cultural issues similar to that of bebop. The Afro-Cuban jazz of the 1940s-1950s therefore was largely influenced by Gillespie and African musicians. However, due to the development among Cuban musicians, the 1950s and 1960s Cubop had been increasingly characterized by Cuban music. Conclusion The emergence of Bebop as pioneered by Gillespie was met with differing reactions from jazz followers and musicians.On one hand, critics regarded Bebop as the end of the classical jazz- it was a departure from the elite style and the romantic solemnity that jazz has been known for. Moreover, opponents of bebop grapple that significantly, bebop has stripped jazz with the spirituality, romanticism and the color that its ardent followers have loved before. Essentially, jazz has been viewed as an expression of emotionality and the deepest feelings of musicians and its followers. However, these opponents contend that Bebop dramatically changed jazz to open an era that will never look back.On the other hand, proponents of Bebop argue that it was Bebop who had brought jazz to the mainstream. Before, jazz is confined to the elite class and to African Americans. However, with the introduction of Bebop, even younger Blacks and Whites became followers of Bebop. Consequently, bebop redefined jazz it is no longer the music of African Americans but rather, a worldwide music that everyone can enjoy. Moreover, the fast and the changing chords including the free phrasing in Bebop had excited former followers of jazz, reinvigorating their support for the music.Consequently, bebop was also responsible for the new genre in music including Afro-Cuban and the come through variations of jazz. Despite the critics of classical jazz lovers, the contribution of Dizzy Gillespie and Bebop in music and jazz history had been enormous. Musically, Bebop and Gillespie inspired young black musicians to create their own music to come out of the recess of their cultural limitations in order to create a venue of expression. Contemporary musicians for instance still investigate on the works of Gillespie and bebop. Gillespie was also responsible for popularizing jazz in mainstream society.For instance, jazz is now considered to be a part of the pop culture- something that cannot be said during the earlier parts of its development. Consequently, Bebop also created a departure of the usual love songs and blues in jazz to include significant social commentaries- thus, widening the base by which African American stages their freedom of expression, cu ltural values and social stands. Bebop did not only usher a new era in jazz music, its influence both musically and socially is still relevant in modern society.Works CitedRamsey, Guthrie. Race Music Black Cultures from Bebop to Hip-Hop.Berkeley University of California Press. 2003.Jazz at Lincoln Center. The Rhythm Road American Music Abroad. 2006.Retrieved 4 December at http//jazzatlincolncenter. org/TheRoad_noFl/pdf/Latin_Guide_English. pdf.Horricks, Raymond, Dizzy Gillespie and the Bebop Revolution, Hippocrene, 1984.DeVeaux, Scott. Constructing the Jazz Tradition Jazz Historiography. Black American Literature Forum 25. 1991. 525-560.Ehrenberg, Lewis. Things to Come Swing Bands, Bebop, and the Rise of a Postwar Jazz Scene in Recasting America, edited by Larry May. University of Chicago Press. 1989.